Design and Implementation of Magnetic levitation Train System

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

  Background to the study

Overcoming the grip of the earth’s gravity has been a major challenge for years. However, the work of scientists and engineers who have found many ways to levitate a variety of objects is being applied in the field of transportation in several countries.
A long with the increase of population and expansion in living zones, automobiles and air services cannot afford mass transit anyone. Accordingly, demands for innovative means of public transportation have increased. In order to appropriately serve the public, such a new-generation transportation system must meet certain requirements.
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a “guide way” using magnets to create both lift and thrust. High-speed maglev trains promise dramatic improvement for human travel.
The Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) train is one of the best candidates to satisfy: rapidity, reliability and safety. While conventional train drives forward by using friction between wheels and rails, the maglev train replaces wheels by electromagnets and levitates on the guide way, producing propulsion force electromechanically, without any contacts.
The Maglev train looks to be very promising solution for the near future, many researchers have developed technologies such as modeling and analysis of linear electric machinery superconductivity, permanent magnets.

Problem Statement

 
The Wheel-on-rail systems suffers from numerous problems mostly is caused by the friction because of the weight that the train applies to the rail which cause loss in energy. The wheel-on-rail systems can’t reach high speeds. The wheel-on-rail systems are environmentally unfriendly; it can be represented as the conventional train.
Conventional train drives forward by using friction between wheels and rails. This friction causes many problems such as noise, vibration, reduces acceleration and needs periodical maintenance.
The maglev train replaces wheels by electromagnets and levitates on the guide way, producing propulsion force electromechanically without any contact.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to:

• Design a magnetic levitating system
• Build a maglev train model

Methodology

• To study the mechanism of the magnetic fields and the relationship between the levitation/movement and the
• Build a levitating moving ‘maglev’ train model
• Designing and modeling a levitation system

Project lay-out

The project consists of five chapters: Chapter One presents an introduction to the principles of the project, project motivation and objectives. Chapter Two consists of theoretical background of automatic control, magnetic levitation, magnetic levitation train, microcontroller system, PID controller, nonlinear systems, linearization of nonlinear systems, transistor and freewheeling diode. Chapter Three concerns with system description, system hardware and software and modeling. Chapter Four presents the simulation and result , the system fabrication , the system control circuit implementation, the prototype design and the testing. Finally, Chapter Five presents a conclusion and recommendations for future works.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

				Page No.
				I
DEDICATION				Ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT				iii
ABSTRACT				Iv
المستخلص				V
TABLE OF CONTENTS				vi
LIST OF FIGURES				Ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS				xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS				xii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 General concepts				1
1.2 Problem Statement				2
1.3 Objectives				2
1.4 Methodology				2
1.5 project layout				3
CHAPTER TWO THEORETICAL REVIEW	BACKGROUND	and	LITERATURE
2.1 control system				4
2.2 Magnetic Levitation				10
2.3 Magnetic Levitation Train				11
2.4 Motors				15

 

2.5 Sensors	15
2.6 Microcontroller	15
2.7 Proportional Integral Derivative controller	18
2.8 Nonlinear System	19
2.9 Linearization of Nonlinear Systems	19
2.10 Transistor	20
2.11 Freewheeling diode	20
CHAPTER THREE MODELING AND DESIGNING
3.1 System Description	23
3.2 System Hardware	23
3.3 System Software	32
3.4 Modeling	33
CHAPTER FOUR SIMULATION AND RESULTS
4.1 Simulation and result	37
4.2 Design of PD controller	38
4.3 System fabrication	40
4.4 Rail and trailer	40
4.5 Magnetic levitation	42
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion	46
5.2 Recommendations	46
REFERENCES	47

 

APPENDIX A	48
APPENDIX B	50